Battellino Percello, Victoria (2019) Estudio de los métodos para la generación de pseudo-CTs utilizadas en la corrección de atenuación de imágenes cerebrales mediante secuencias de resonancia magnética y atlas en un sistema híbrido PET/MR / Study of the methods for the generation of pseudo-CTs used in the correction of the attenuation of cerebral images using magnetic resonance sequences and atlas in a PET/MR equipment. Maestría en Física Médica, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto Balseiro.
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Resumen en español
Para obtener información cuantitativa con la técnica PET es necesario hacer una corrección de la imagen adquirida debido a la atenuación que los fotones de 511 keV tienen en su recorrido desde su origen hasta el detector que los registra. En el PET convencional, el mapa de atenuación se obtenía a partir de un escaneo de transmisión, en el que se utilizaba una fuente de radionucleido rotatoria (68"Ge o 137"Cs); actualmente, se utiliza la técnica CT en los equipos híbridos PET/CT y SPECT/CT. En los equipos híbridos PET/MR el mapa de atenuación debe provenir de la técnica de MRI. Existen varios métodos para generar el mapa de atenuación, tres de los mas importantes se basan en la segmentación de la imagen de MRI, en la construcción de un atlas único o un atlas múltiple y en datos por emisión de PET. Generar un mapa de atenuación directo con la técnica de MRI es complejo porque sus intensidades se correlacionan con las densidades de protones y las propiedades de relajación de los tejidos y no con la densidad electrónica como ocurre en la CT. Hoy en día, es un desafío convertir directamente las señales de la imagen de MRI a datos de atenuación lineal sin utilizar un atlas u otra herramienta. En este trabajo se estudiaron protocolos de cabeza de tomografía computada y de PET/CT, los cuales se configuraron para obtener la información suciente para referencia osea y corrección por atenuación. Se reclutaron 43 pacientes con pedido medico para PET/CT o CT, bajo la aprobación del Comité de Ética. Se adquirió el conocimiento necesario para desarrollar un algoritmo en MATLAB para procesar las imágenes de CT y elaborar pseudo-CTs basadas en atlas y en la segmentación de la ZTE para el estudio de los métodos para corrección por atenuación. La secuencia ZTE se estudio, conguro y optimizo, con el fin de reconocer las necesidades para su implementación clínica que actualmente no es comercial. Finalmente, el desarrollo mostró su eciencia para detectar hueso y patologías asociadas a tejido denso, validado por referentes médicos. Adicionalmente, algunos casos clínicos particulares fueron analizados para contrastar la información otorgada por distintos métodos de corrección de atenuación, mostrando la implementación de la ZTE y su potencial clínico.
Resumen en inglés
In order to obtain quantitative information with the PET technique, is necessary to make a correction of the acquired image due to the attenuation that the 511 keV photons have in their path from their origin to the detector (AC). With the conventional PET technique, the attenuation map was obtained from a transmission scan, in which a rotating radiant source (68"Ge o 137"Cs) is used. Currently the CT technique is used in hybrid PET/CT and SPECT/CT scanner. In PET/MR hybrid system the attenuation map must come from the MRI technique; there are several methods to generate the attenuation map, three of the most important are: segmentation-based methods, atlas-based methods and PET emission-based methods. Generating a direct attenuation map with the MRI technique is a complex task because its intensities are correlated with proton densities and tissues relaxation properties instead of electron density such as it is the case in CT. Converting the signals of the MRI image directly to linear attenuation data without using an atlas or another tool is still a challenge nowadays. In this work, head CT and PET/CT scan protocols were studied, which were congured for obtaining enough information for osseous reference and attenuation correction. By using the CT results, several atlases that could be used to correct PET/MR images were generated. These atlases were obtained from the CT studies of 40 patients with a medical requirement, who were recruited for this study with the Ethics Committee approval. The necessary knowledge for developing a MATLAB algorithm to process the acquired images and make the atlases was acquired. The ZTE sequence was studied, congured and enhanced to assess its needs for its clinical implementation, which currently is not commercially available. Finally, the development showed its efficiency to detect bone and dense tissue associated pathologies, which was validated for medical experts. Additionally, some particular clinical cases were analyzed to contrast the information given by different attenuation correction methods, showing the ZTE sequence implementation and its clinical potential.
| Tipo de objeto: | Tesis (Maestría en Física Médica) |
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| Palabras Clave: | Brain; Cerebro; Magnetic resonance; Resonancia magnética; [Positron emmission tomography; Tomografía de emisión de positrones; Magnetic resonance imaging; Imágenes de resonancia magnética nuclear] |
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| Materias: | Medicina > Medicina nuclear Medicina > Resonancia magnética Medicina > Diagnóstico por imagen y medicina nuclear |
| Divisiones: | FUESMEN |
| Código ID: | 818 |
| Depositado Por: | Tamara Cárcamo |
| Depositado En: | 14 Abr 2021 09:07 |
| Última Modificación: | 14 Abr 2021 09:07 |
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