Tartaglione, Aureliano (2009) Desarrollo de técnicas de detección de sustancias por irradiación pulsada de neutrones / Development of pulsed neutron based techniques for substances detection. Tesis Doctoral en Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto Balseiro.
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Resumen en español
Los neutrones se han convertido en una popular herramienta para realizar estudios no invasivos en diversas ramas de la ciencia como la física, la biología, la ingeniería de materiales, etc. En la última década se ha incrementado el interés por aplicar este tipo de radiación penetrante en equipos de seguridad portuaria, fronteriza y aeroportuaria, complementando sistemas ya existentes basados en imágenes radiográficas que emplean radiación X y gamma. El principal interés por los neutrones está basado en la posibilidad de realizar detección elemental en grandes contenedores, que permita detectar tráfico ilícito de narcóticos, explosivos, armamento químico, residuos industriales peligrosos y materiales nucleares especiales. En este trabajo se han empleado neutrones pulsados con energ´ıas del rango térmico para realizar experimentos que permitieron estudiar los conceptos de detección elemental por medio de la radiación gamma prompt producida por la absorción de neutrones en la materia y la detección de material nuclear especial detectando neutrones instantáneos de fisión y neutrones retardados. Tanto en la detección por radiación gamma prompt como por neutrones de fisión en el caso del material nuclear, se aprovechó el hecho de que la fuente de neutrones fuera pulsada, aplicando técnicas de tiempo de vuelo que permitieron que las técnicas de detección desarrolladas fueran sensibles a la posición de la muestra respecto del detector con resoluciones espaciales de decenas de centímetros. Los estudios mencionados tienen como fin una aplicación tecnológica concreta en el ámbito de la seguridad y la ingeniería nuclear. Sin embargo, el trabajo también ha dado lugar a estudios básicos en física nuclear empleando un detector de radiación gamma de alta resoluci´on para observar las emisiones que se producen cuando el indio absorbe neutrones de energías en torno a la resonancia que el isótopo de masa 115 de este metal posee en 1,45 eV. El estudio permitió hallar la intensidad de algunas emisiones no informadas con anterioridad en la literatura, contribuyendo de este modo a la base general de datos nucleares.
Resumen en inglés
Neutrons have become an important tool for non-invasive studies in different science and engeneering disciplines like physics, biology and material engeneering. In the last decade, the interest in using neutrons for border security applications and cargo container scanning has been growing, as a complement of previous X and gamma ray image technology to detect illicit trafficking of narcotics, explosives, industrial pollutants, chemical weaponry and special nuclear materials. In this work, pulsed thermal neutrons were applied to study the concepts of elemental detection by prompt gamma analysis, and special nuclear materials determination by induced prompt fission and delayed neutrons. Upon detecting prompt gamma or fission neutrons, the developed techniques take advantage of the pulsed nature of the neutron source by applying time-of-flight methods, to make the elemental (and special nuclear materials) determination, position sensitive with a spatial resolution of a few tens of centimeters. The mentioned studies have an inmediate application to borders security and nuclear engeneering. However some basic results have been obtained in the field of nuclear physics. Using a Ge(Li) gamma detector, the relative intensities of prompt gamma lines by ephithermal neutrons absorption in indium were determined. The study made posible to observe emissions produced by the absorption of neutrons with energies around the 1.45 eV indium nuclear resonance not reported before in the standard nuclear data tables.
| Tipo de objeto: | Tesis (Tesis Doctoral en Ciencias de la Ingeniería) |
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| Palabras Clave: | Non-invasive sustance detection; Detección no invasiva de sustancias; Pulsed neutrons; Fuente pulsada de neutrones; Time-of-flight; Tiempo de vuelo; Prompt gamma; Gamma prompt; Border security; Seguridad Fronteriza; Special nuclear material; Materiales nucleares especiales |
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| Materias: | Ingeniería Física > Física nuclear |
| Divisiones: | Energía nuclear > Ingeniería nuclear > Física de neutrones |
| Código ID: | 103 |
| Depositado Por: | Marisa G. Velazco Aldao |
| Depositado En: | 12 Aug 2010 10:42 |
| Última Modificación: | 19 Aug 2010 10:00 |
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