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Dinámica y morfología de paredes de dominios magnéticos en láminas delgadas desde la perspectiva de la física estadística / Dynamics and morphology of driven domain wall in magnetic thin films from the standpoint of statical physics

Albornoz, Lucas J. (2021) Dinámica y morfología de paredes de dominios magnéticos en láminas delgadas desde la perspectiva de la física estadística / Dynamics and morphology of driven domain wall in magnetic thin films from the standpoint of statical physics. Tesis Doctoral en Física, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto Balseiro.

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Resumen en español

El estudio de paredes de dominios magnéticos (PDM) en láminas delgadas es de gran interés para la comprensión de los mecanismos de inversión de la magnetización y para el desarrollo de dispositivos de electrónica de spin. Dado que las PDM tienen una energía asociada y se encuentran en materiales con inhomogeneidades intrínsecas, pueden ser estudiadas en el marco de la teoría de interfases elásticas en medios desordenados. En esta tesis, investigamos la dinámica y la morfología de PDM en láminas delgadas con anisotropía magnética perpendicular desde dicho enfoque. La técnica experimental principal que utilizamos es la microscopía magneto-óptica por efecto Kerr polar (PMOKE), que permite la observación directa de las PDM. Las muestras estudiadas son una lámina ferrimagnética de GdFeCo de 10 nm de espesor, y una bicapa ferromagnética de (Ga,Mn)(As,P)/(Ga,Mn)As de 4 nm de espesor. En la muestra de GdFeCo, estudiamos la dinámica de PDM impulsadas por campo magnético en un rango amplio de temperaturas, entre 10K y 353K, en los regímenes de creep (reptación) y depinning (desanclaje). Encontramos que el campo de depinning H_d diverge en la temperatura de compensación magnética T_M, y que la barrera de energía de anclaje característica k_BT_d crece al bajar la temperatura T. Esto último resulta en efectos térmicos excepcionalmente débiles por debajo de ∽ 100K, y permite la observación directa de la transición de depinning a bajas temperaturas y la determinación de exponentes críticos asociados. Determinamos independientemente los valores del exponente β del parámetro de orden y del exponente ᵛ_dep de la longitud de correlación, obteniendo β = 0.30 ± 0.03 y ᵛdep = 1.3 ± 0.3. Ambos valores son consistentes sólo con la clase de universalidad de quenched Edwards-Wilkinson (qEW). Por otro lado, estudiamos las propiedades estadísticas de la morfología de PDM en la muestra de GdFeCo. Para diferentes temperaturas y campos aplicados, obtuvimos valiores representativos del exponente de rugosidad ζ y de la amplitud de la rugosidad B_0. Encontramos que los valores de ζ obtenidos no pueden ser identificados directamente con ninguno de los exponentes teóricamente predichos, ζ_eq, ζ_dep y ζ_th. Para explicar esta discordancia, proponemos una interpretación cuantitativa basada en estudios teóricos previos. Consideramos que los exponentes predichos dominan la rugosidad de PDM a distintas escalas de longitud separadas por dos longitudes características: la longitud de correlación ℓ_opt asociada a saltos sobre barreras de energía características, y la longitud de correlación ℓ_av asociada al tamaño característico de las avalanchas en la transición de depinning. En base a estas ideas, interpretamos los exponentes ζ medidos como valores efectivos y cuantificamos experimentalmente por primera vez la longitud de correlación ℓav para distintos campos y temperaturas. Asimismo, encontramos que ℓ_av es finita incluso para H < H_d, de acuerdo con ideas teóricas previas para temperaturas finitas. En la muestra de (Ga,Mn)(As,P)/(Ga,Mn)As, estudiamos la dinámica de PDM impulsadas tanto por campo como por corriente. Para comparar la magnitud de estas dos fuerzas de empuje, analizamos las condiciones tales que, al empujar en direcciones opuestas, ambas fuerzas están balanceadas. Mostramos que existe un factor de proporcionalidad constante ∈ = (1.3±0.2)mT/(GA/m"2) en un amplio rango de temperaturas cercano al punto de Curie de la muestra. Encontramos que este mismo factor describe satisfactoriamente la dinámica de PDM en el régimen de creep cerca de la transición de depinning cuando ambos estímulos son aplicados tanto separada como simultaneamente. Esto sugiere que la fuerza efectiva que actúa sobre las PDM puede ser descrita como una suma de las fuerzas debidas al campo y a la corriente, es decir ƒ∼ μ_0H +∈J. Sin embargo, esta relación no se mantiene a velocidades relativamente bajas, lo cual puede ser asociado a la naturaleza anisotrópica de la fuerza inducida por corriente. Los resultados presentados en esta tesis amplían nuestro conocimiento sobre la naturaleza universal de las PDM y sobre las propiedades efectivas de las fuerzas de empuje.

Resumen en inglés

Studying magnetic domain walls (DWs) in thin films is of great interest for the understanding of magnetization inversion mechanisms and for the development of spintronics devices. As DWs have an associated energy and lie in a material with intrinsic inhomogeneities, they can be studied within the theory of elastic interfaces in disordered media. In this thesis, we investigate the dynamic and morphological properties of DWs in thin films from this viewpoint. Our main experimental tool is the polar magneto-optical Kerr-effect (PMOKE) microscopy, which permits the direct observation of DWs. The studied samples are a ferrimagnetic 10 nm-thick film of GdFeCo, and a ferromagnetic 4 nm-thick semiconducting bilayer of (Ga,Mn)(As,P)/(Ga,Mn)As, both of them presenting perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. For the GdFeCo sample, we have studied the dynamics of field-driven DWs in a wide temperature range, from 10K to 353K, in the creep and depinning regimes. We have found that the depinning field Hd diverges at the magnetic compensation temperature T_M, and that the characteristic pinning energy barrier k_BT_d grows in magnitude for decreasing temperature, what results in exceptionally low thermal effects below 100K. This has allowed for the direct observation of the depinning transition at low temperatures and the subsequent determination of associated critical exponents. We have independently determined values of the order-parameter exponent β = 0.30±0.03 and the correlation length exponent ᵛ_dep = 1.3 ± 0.3, both of them being consistent only with the quenched Edwards-Wilkinson (qEW) universality class. Another investigation of this thesis concerns the statistical analysis of DW morphology in the GdFeCo sample. For different temperatures and applied fields, we have obtained representative values for the roughness exponent ζ and the roughness amplitude B_0. We have found that the obtained ζ values cannot be directly identified with any of the theoreticallypredicted roughness exponents ζ_eq, ζ_dep and ζ_th. In order to explain this disagreement, we propose a quantitative interpretation based on previous theoretical studies. We consider that the predicted exponents govern DW roughness at different length scales separated by two crossover lengths: the correlation length ℓ_lop associated to jumps over characteristic energy barriers, and the correlation length ℓ_av associated to the characteristic size of depinning avalanches. Based on these ideas, we interpret the measured ζ exponents as effective values and experimentally quantify for the first time the depinning correlation length ℓ_av for different fields and temperatures. Moreover, we have found that ℓav is finite even for H < H_d in accordance with previous theoretical ideas for DW dynamics at finite temperatures. For the (Ga,Mn)(As,P)/(Ga,Mn)As sample, we have studied the field- and currentdriven DW motion when both stimuli are applied separately and simultaneously. In order to compare the strength of these two driving forces, we have analyzed the conditions of balance between them when they push oppositely. We show that there is a constant proportionality factor ∈ = (1.3±0.2)mT/(GA/m"2) over a large temperature range close to the Curie point. We find that this same factor successfully describes the DW dynamics in the creep regime close to the depinning transition both when field and current are applied separately and simultaneously. This suggests that the effective force ƒ exerted on DWs can be described by a sum of the forces due to field and current, i.e. ƒ∼ μ_0H + ∈J. However, this relation does not stand at relatively low velocities, which could be associated with the non-isotropic nature of current-driven DW motion. The results presented in this thesis shed light on the universal nature of driven DWs and broadens our knowledge on the effective features of the driving forces.

Tipo de objeto:	Tesis (Tesis Doctoral en Física)
Palabras Clave:	Thin films; Capas finitas; Morphology; Morfología; Dynamics; Dinámica; [Magnetization dynamics; Dinámica de la magnetización Magnetic domain wall ; Paredes de dominios magnéticos; Nanostructured systems; Sistemas nanoestructurados; Disordered systems; Sistemas desordenados; Depinning transition; Transición de desanclaje]
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Materias:	Física > Materia condensada Física
Divisiones:	Investigación y aplicaciones no nucleares > Física > Resonancias magnéticas
Código ID:	1046
Depositado Por:	Tamara Cárcamo
Depositado En:	13 Jun 2022 12:43
Última Modificación:	13 Jun 2022 12:43

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