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Propiedades electrónicas locales y materia de vórtices en el superconductor FeSe / Local electronic properties and vortex material in the FeSe superconductor

Aragón Sáchez, Jazmín (2022) Propiedades electrónicas locales y materia de vórtices en el superconductor FeSe / Local electronic properties and vortex material in the FeSe superconductor. Tesis Doctoral en Física, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto Balseiro.

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Resumen en español

En esta tesis presentamos un estudio de las propiedades estructurales y electrónicas a escala atómica, y las características estructurales de la materia de vórtices nucleada en superconductores de la familia FeSe. Discutimos el impacto de los defectos atómicos en los estados electrónicos de estos materiales y la relevancia del acople entre algunas peculiaridades de estos estados y la estructura de vórtices nucleada en estos superconductores. En primer lugar estudiamos los estados electrónicos de FeSe, FeSe_1xS_x y K_xFeSe con técnicas que son sensibles a las propiedades físicas en diferentes espesores de las muestras. Utilizando microscopia túnel de barrido determinamos los tipos de defectos presentes en los cristales y estudiamos las modificaciones estructurales inducidas por ellos. La complementación de estos resultados con datos sobre los estados electrónicos internos de los átomos del compuesto obtenidos mediante espectroscopia de fotoelectrones excitados con rayos X nos permite cuantificar los cambios en la transferencia de carga inducidos en los átomos vecinos a los defectos. Mediante simulaciones de DFT explicamos que los defectos dumbbell conllevan una redistribución de la nube electrónica de los átomos circundantes pero no inducen una modificación de la distancia entre el Fe y el anión. Considerando el gran volumen de evidencia que existe en la literatura sobre la dependencia de la temperatura crítica de los nicogenuros y calcogenuros basados en Fe con esta distancia [2], nuestras simulaciones explican que para densidades bajas de estos defectos la Tc del material no cambia. En contraste, en el caso de los defectos atómicos observados en las muestras irradiadas con K, en el entorno de la vacancia de Se generada por la irradiación se produce un aumento de la distancia entre el anión y el Fe. Este resultado explica el aumento de Tc reportado al irradiar con K [3]. En segundo lugar, considerando las propiedades electrónicas peculiares de los superconductores en base a Fe estudiados en la primer parte de esta tesis, nos preguntamos cómo cambian las propiedades estructurales de la materia de vórtices nucleada en este sustrato. Las muestras de FeSe poseen propiedades electrónicas no convencionales que a su vez inducen un acople fuerte entre las propiedades elásticas del cristal y la red de vórtices, conocido como efecto magnetoelástico. Mediante imágenes de vórtices individuales en regiones extendidas observamos que en la familia FeSe la materia de vórtices tiene una simetría hexagonal con deformaciones rómbicas y una estructura policristalina aunque con un orden orientacional de casi largo alcance débil en registro de las direcciones cristalinas de la muestra. Adicionalmente presenta fructuaciones de densidad que decaen algebraicamente a grandes distancias con un exponente que indica que el sistema de vórtices presenta el orden escondido de hiperuniformidad aunque es de la clase III desordenada. La comparación de estos resultados experimentales con los obtenidos en otros compuestos y con simulaciones realistas de dinámica de Langevin indican que la clase de hiperuniformidad y las distorsiones rómbicas observadas en la materia de vórtices en FeSe son el resultado del acople de los vórtices con las propiedades electrónicas y estructurales de las muestras. En particular, la importante magnitud del acople magnetoelástico / (dTc=dP )"2 en FeSe introduce un término extra anisotrópico y de largo alcance en la interacción entre vórtices que da origen a las propiedades estructurales de la materia de vórtices observadas en este compuesto. Por ultimo, en este trabajo mostramos que la forma funcional de la distribución espacial de la fuerza de interacción entre vórtices es un descriptor del acople entre la estructura de vórtices y propiedades electrónicas y elásticas anisotrópicas, y el desorden característico del sustrato en el que se nuclea, es decir, la muestra superconductora. Llegamos a esta conclusión luego de realizar un estudio comparativo entre las distribuciones de las fuerzas en FeSe y compuestos modelos como Bi_2Sr_2CaCu2O_8-δ y NbSe_2.

Resumen en inglés

In this work we present a study of the structural and electronic properties at the atomic scale, and the structural characteristics of vortex matter nucleated in the FeSe family of superconductors. We discuss the impact of atomic defects on the electronic states of these materials and the relevance of the coupling between some peculiarities of these states and the nucleated vortex structure in these superconductors. First, we study the electronic states of FeSe, FeSe_1xS_x and K_xFeSe with techniques that are sensitive to information at dierent thicknesses of the samples. Using scanning tunneling microscopy, we reveal the type of defects present in these samples and study the entailed structural modications. Complementing these results with data on the internal electronic states of the atoms of the compound obtained by X-ray excited photoelectron spectroscopy allows us to quantify the changes in the charge transfer induced in the neighbour atoms to the defects. Applying DFT simulations we explain that the dumbbell defects lead to a redistribution of the electron cloud of the surrounding atoms but do not induce a modication of the distance between the Fe and the anion atoms. Considering the large volume of evidence in the literature on the dependency of the critical temperature of Fe-based pnictogens and chalcogens with this distance [2], the simulations explain that for low densities of these defects the Tc of the material is not affected. In contrast, in the case of the atomic defects observed in the samples irradiated with K, an increase in the distance between the anion and the Fe atoms is produced in the vicinity of the Se vacancy generated by the irradiation. This result explains the increase in Tc reported when irradiating with K [3]. Second, considering the peculiar electronic properties of Fe-based superconductors studied in the rst part of this work, we wonder how they affect the structural properties of vortex matter nucleated in this substrate. FeSe samples have unconventional electronic properties that in turn induce a strong coupling between the elastic properties of the crystal and the vortex structure, known as the magneto-elastic effect. Using images of individual vortices in extended regions we observe that in the FeSe family vortex matter has a hexagonal symmetry with rhombic deformations and a polycrystalline structure, although with a weak near-long-range orientational order in register with the crystalline directions of the sample. Additionally, it presents density fluctuations that decay algebraically over large distances with an exponent that indicates that the vortex system presents the hidden order of hyperuniformity although it is class-III disordered. Comparing these experimental results with those obtained in other compounds and with realistic simulations of Langevin dynamics, we suggest that the hyperuniformity class and rhombic distortions observed in vortex matter in FeSe are the result of vortices coupling with the electronic and structural properties of the samples. In particular, the signicant magnitude of the magnetoelastic coupling / (dTc=dP )"2 in FeSe introduces an extra long-range anisotropic term in the interaction between vortices that gives rise to the structural properties of vortex matter observed in this compound. Finally, in this work we show that the functional form of the spatial distribution of the interaction force between vortices is a descriptor of the coupling between vortex matter and anisotropic electronic and elastic properties, and the characteristic disorder, of the substrate in which it nucleated, i.e. the superconducting sample. We reached this conclusion after conducting a comparative study between the force distributions in FeSe and model compounds such as Bi_2Sr_2CaCu2O_8-δand NbSe_2.

Tipo de objeto:	Tesis (Tesis Doctoral en Física)
Palabras Clave:	Scanning tunneling microscopy; Microscopia de efecto túnel; Superconductivity; Superconductividad; [Local electronic properties; Propiedades electronicas locales; Vortex matter; Materia de vórtices; Hiperuniformaty; Hiperuniformidad; Density functional theory; Teoría del funcional de la densidad; X-ray excited photoelectronic spectroscopy; Espectroscopia de fotoelectrones excitados]
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Materias:	Física > Superconductividad
Divisiones:	Investigación y aplicaciones no nucleares > Física > Bajas temperaturas
Código ID:	1177
Depositado Por:	Tamara Cárcamo
Depositado En:	10 Aug 2023 16:11
Última Modificación:	10 Aug 2023 16:11

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