Velázquez Rodríguez, Daniel (2023) Bombeo de espín en bicapas FeCo/Ta con amortiguamiento magnético ultra-bajo / Spin pumping in FeCo/Ta bilayers with ultra-low magnetic damping. Tesis Doctoral en Física, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto Balseiro.
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Resumen en español
La espintrónica ha surgido como la principal candidata a resolver los problemas de consumo energético de almacenamiento y de procesamiento de datos ya que las corrientes de espín involucradas no tendrían pérdidas por efecto Joule. La intensidad de las corrientes de espín se puede medir de manera indirecta a través del efecto Hall de espín inverso como un voltaje. Los sistemas más estudiados para la generación y detección de corrientes de espín son bicapas del tipo ferromagneto/metal paramagnético pesado (FM/NM). La intensidad de las corrientes de espín en bicapas del tipo FM/NM depende fuertemente del parámetro de amortiguamiento magnético del material ferromagnético. Por consiguiente, la búsqueda de materiales con constante de amortiguamiento pequeñas α ∼ 10"−3 se ha vuelto exhaustiva y uno de los objetivos de esta tesis ha sido el estudio detallado del transporte de corrientes de espín en bicapas Fe_1−xCo_x/Ta con potenciales aplicaciones en dispositivos espintrónicos. Las muestras estudiadas en esta tesis doctoral fueron fabricadas por la técnica de pulverización catódica asistida por magnetrón. Se encontró una condición óptima de depósito mediante la cual se obtuvieron películas delgadas monocristalinas de Fe_1−xCo_x y se lograron obtener valores de α_tot ≈ 3 × 10"−3 para la concentración Fe_80Co_20. Haciendo uso de la técnica de FMR y mediante modelos fenomenológicos se lograron identificar y cuantificar los distintos mecanismos de relajación involucrados (amortiguamiento intrínseco tipo Gilbert y scattering de dos magnones) que contribuyen al valor de α_tot estimado. Mediante una serie de muestras variando el espesor de la capa ferromagnética entre 4 nm y 12 nm se logró separar la contribución de bombeo de espín obteniéndose entonces un valor de amortiguamiento intrínseco α_int ≈ 1.3 × 10"−3. Se determinaron los parámetros de transporte de espín λ_sd (longitud de difusión de espín) y Θ_SH (ángulo Hall de espín) haciendo uso de la serie de muestras mencionada y de otra serie variando el espesor de la capa de Ta entre 3 nm y 11 nm, manteniendo el espesor de FeCo fijo en 10 nm. Se desarrolló una novedosa expresión para cuantificar la eficiencia del fenómeno de bombeo de espín en bicapas FM/NM, mostrando que el sistema FeCo/Ta es hasta un orden de magnitud más eficiente que otras bicapas ferromagnéticas metálicas. Con el objetivo de estudiar el comportamiento magnético y su influencia en el bombeo de espín en función de la concentración relativa de Fe y Co, se fabricó una serie de seis bicapas del tipo Fe_1−xCo_x/Ta (x= 0, 15, 20, 25, 30 y 35) y espesores fijos de las capas de FeCo y Ta de 20 nm y 10 nm, respectivamente. Del análisis del ancho de línea de resonancias ΔH_r en función de frecuencia ω para las bicapas Co30 y Co35 se encontró una anisotropía en el parámetro α cuando el campo es aplicado a lo largo de las direcciones de fácil y difícil magnetización de 330% y 420% , respectivamente, coincidente con el cambio de signo en la constante de anisotropía magnetocristalina cúbica. El análisis de la dependencia del parámetro α con la concentración arrojó que el valor mínimo se encuentra para la aleación Fe_85Co_15/Ta. El estudio del fenómeno de bombeo de espín en esta serie de muestras arrojó diferentes dependencias entre la intensidad de la corriente de espín y α según los mecanismos de relajación predominantes. En el transcurso de esta tesis doctoral se lograron identificar y cuantificar los principales mecanismos de relajación en bicapas magnéticas Fe_1−xCo_x/Ta y cómo influyen en las corrientes de espín generadas mediante el fenómeno de bombeo de espín. Se obtuvo un parámetro de amortiguamiento excepcionalmente bajo para ferromagnetos conductores y consecuentemente una alta eficiencia de bombeo de espín. Estos resultados y la calidad de las muestras fabricadas permiten corroborar que la aleación FeCo es un excelente material FM para aplicaciones espintrónicas en donde sean necesarios ferromagnetos conductores.
Resumen en inglés
Spintronics has emerged as the main candidate to solve the energy consumption of large storage and data processing capacities, since the pure spin currents involved should have no losses due to the Joule effect. Spin currents intensity can be measured indirectly as a voltage through the inverse spin Hall effect. The most studied systems for the generation and detection of spin currents are ferromagnetic/paramagnetic heavy metal bilayers (FM/NM). The spin current intensity in FM/NM bilayers strongly depends on the magnetic damping parameter of the ferromagnetic material. Therefore, the search for materials with small damping constants, α ∼ 10"−3, has become exhaustive and the study of the spin pumping phenomenon in Fe_1−xCo_x/Ta with potential applications in spintronic devices is the main objective of this Ph.D. thesis. The samples studied in this work were fabricated by magnetron sputtering techniques. We found an optimal deposition condition by which Fe_1−xCo_x monocrystalline thin films were obtained and α_tot ≈ 3 × 10"−3 values were obtained for Fe_80Co_20 concentration. Using the FMR technique and phenomenological models, it was possible to identify and quantify the different relaxation mechanisms involved (Gilbert damping and two magnon scattering) that contribute to the estimated α_tot value. In a series of samples with FM thickness between 4 nm and 12 nm, it was possible to separate the intrinsic contribution of α from spin pumping and an intrinsic damping value α ≈ 1.3×10"−3 obtained. The spin transport parameters λ_sd (spin diffusion lenght) and Θ_SH (spin Hall angle) were determined using this series of samples and another series with Ta thickness between 3 nm and 11 nm and keeping the FeCo thickness fixed at 10 nm. A novel expression was developed to quantify the efficiency of the spin pumping phenomenon in FM/NM bilayers, showing that the FeCo/Ta system is up to an order of magnitude more efficient than other metallic ferromagnetic bilayers. With the objective to study the magnetic behavior and its influence in the spin pumping phenomenom as a function of Fe and Co relative concentrations, we fabricated a series of six bilayers of the type Fe_1−xCo_x/Ta (x= 0, 15, 20, 25, 30 y 35) and fixed thicknesses of FeCo (20 nm) and Ta (10 nm) layers. Studying the FMR linewidth ΔH_r as a function of the frequency ω for the bilayers Co30 and Co35 bilayers, when the field was applied along the easy and hard magnetization directions, a strong anisotropic α parameter was found with variations of 330 % and 420 %, respectively, coincident with the cubic magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant sign change. The analysis of the dependence of the α parameter with concentration showed that the minimum value is found for the Fe_85Co_15/Ta bilayer. The study of the spin pumping phenomenon in this series of samples showed different dependencies between the spin current intensity and α according to the predominant relaxation mechanisms. During this Ph.D. thesis it was possible to identify and quantify the relaxation mechanisms involved in Fe_1−xCo_x/Ta bilayers and their influence in the spin currents generated by spin pumping phenomenom. We found an ultra-low damping parameter compared to other conductive ferromagnets and consequently, a high spin pumping effeciency. These results and the goood quality of the fabricated samples indicate that FeCo alloy is an excelent material for spintronic aplications when conductive ferromagnets are required.
| Tipo de objeto: | Tesis (Tesis Doctoral en Física) |
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| Palabras Clave: | Anisotropy; Anisotropía; [Ferromagnetic thin films; Películas delgadas ferromagnéticas; Magnetic anisotropies; Anisotropías magnéticas Magnetic damping; Amortiguamiento magnético; Spin currents; Corrientes de espín; Spin pumping; Bombeo de espín; Inverse spin hall effect; Efecto hall de espín inverso] |
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| Materias: | Física |
| Divisiones: | Investigación y aplicaciones no nucleares > Física > Resonancias magnéticas |
| Código ID: | 1189 |
| Depositado Por: | Tamara Cárcamo |
| Depositado En: | 10 Aug 2023 10:18 |
| Última Modificación: | 10 Aug 2023 10:18 |
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