Gonzalo Cogno, Soledad (2017) Códigos con estructura temporal en neurociencia computacional / Time-structured codes in computational neurocience. Tesis Doctoral en Física, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto Balseiro.
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Resumen en español
La visión más tradicional del código neuronal se basa en suponer que las neuronas representan información variando su tasa de disparo. Existen estudios más recientes, sin embargo, que demuestran que en el sistema nervioso la información se codifica por varios mecanismos actuando en paralelo, siendo la frecuencia tan sólo uno de los códigos en juego. Existen otros códigos basados en la modulación de la localización temporal de los disparos, ya sea estructurando el tren de spikes de neuronas individuales en escalas de unos pocos milisegundos, coordinando los disparos de pares de neuronas, o sincronizándolos respecto de las fluctuaciones del potencial eléctrico circundante. En esta tesis exploramos cuatro ejemplos de tales códigos. Utilizando herramientas de la teoría de sistemas dinámicos y la teoría de la información, demostramos que tanto en modelos teóricos como en simulaciones numéricas los códigos temporalmente estructurados se manifiestan a nivel de neuronas individuales y en poblaciones, con consecuencias en la codificación, y en procesos de aprendizaje. Posteriormente analizamos datos electrofisiológicos de trenes de spikes y potenciales de campo registrados en el lóbulo temporal de roedores que realizan tareas de exploración y locomoción. Los registros muestran códigos temporalmente estructurados, donde las neuronas individuales generan secuencias de spikes que codifican información del potencial local de campo. Los potenciales de campo, a su vez, oscilan a frecuencia theta, observándose saltos abruptos en la fase de la oscilación asociados a eventos comportamentales relevantes. El análisis sugiere que la estructura temporal de las señales electrofisiológicas tiene información del estado de movimiento del roedor, y en particular, permite identificar eventos en los que el animal parece identificar con precisión su ubicación en el espacio, y corregir el error acumulado hasta el momento. Concluimos que los códigos temporalmente estructurados son ubicuos, y tienen relevancia funcional en el sistema nervioso de los mamíferos.
Resumen en inglés
The traditional view of the neural code assumes that neurons represent information in their mean firing rates, measured in windows of tens or hundreds of milliseconds. More recent studies, however, demonstrate that in the nervous system, information is encoded through several mechanisms acting in parallel, the mean firing frequency being only one of several codes in play. Other codes modulate the precise timing of spikes, either structuring the action potentials of single cells in scales of one or a few milliseconds, coordinating the firing of pairs of neurons, or synchronizing them with respect of the fluctuations of the electric potential of the local extracellular environment. In this thesis we explore four examples of such codes. Using tools of the theory of dynamical systems and information theory, we demonstrate that both in theoretical models and in numerical simulations, temporally structured neural codes appear both at the level of single cells and whole populations, affecting both the actual encoding of stimuli, and learning processes.We also analyze electrophysiological recordings of single spikes and field potentials measured in the temporal lobe of awake rodents navigating and exploring the environment. Neurons produce spike trains that can be parsed into sequences of stereotyped patterns encoding information about the surrounding local field potentials. Such potentials, in turn, exhibit prominent theta oscillations, and interestingly, they contain sudden phase resettings for specific behavioral events. The analysis suggests that the fine-temporal structure of the electrophysiological signals encodes the state of motion of the animal, and in particular, allows us to detect episodes where the animal seems to identify its location precisely, and correct the error accumulated thus far.We conclude that temporally structured codes are ubiquitous, and have functional relevance in the mammal nervous system.
| Tipo de objeto: | Tesis (Tesis Doctoral en Física) |
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| Palabras Clave: | Plasticity; Plasticidad;[Neurocience; Neurociencia; Neuronal code; Código neuronal; Local field potential; Potencial de campo local; Single cell models; Modelo de neurona única; Neural network models; Modelo de redes neuronales] |
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| Materias: | Medicina > Neurociencias |
| Divisiones: | Gcia. de área de Investigación y aplicaciones no nucleares > Gcia. de Física > Sistemas complejos y altas energías > Física estadística interdisciplinaria |
| Código ID: | 1202 |
| Depositado Por: | Tamara Cárcamo |
| Depositado En: | 09 Aug 2023 11:32 |
| Última Modificación: | 09 Aug 2023 11:32 |
Personal del repositorio solamente: página de control del documento
