Trejo Soto, Claudia A. (2009) Dinámica de población en redes heterogéneas. Maestría en Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto Balseiro.
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Resumen en español
Los sistemas mutualistas de planta-polinizador están en peligro. La intervención indiscriminada del hombre en el medio ambiente, es una de las causas fundamentales de la destrucción y fragmentación del hábitat en el que estos sistemas se desenvuelven. Los sistemas de planta-polinizador han coevolucionado desde fines del cretácico y algunos nuevos estudios muestran que pueden haber surgido mucho antes, lo que los convierte en pieza clave en la proliferación de la biodiversidad. La polinización por parte de animales es el sistema más efectivo para la reproducción sexual de las plantas y no es comparable con ningún tipo de tecnología empleada por la agricultura. Es por esto que el estudio del impacto de la destrucción del hábitat en dichos sistemas es fundamental. Sobre la respuesta de estos sistemas a la fragmentación del hábitat se han puesto muchas hipótesis sobre la mesa, las que mediante estudios de campo han sido corroboradas o sorpresivamente desmentidas. Nuestro objetivo en este trabajo es intentar confirmar y entender cuales son las características fundamentales de los sistemas que los hacen responder de una manera particular a cierto disturbio. Mediante modelos de dinámica poblacional y metapoblacional, y la teoría de las redes complejas, ponemos a disposición del estudio herramientas computacionales que nos permiten simular los efectos de la destrucción sobre el sistema. Y así observar su comportamiento y responder alguna de las preguntas que tienen a la ecología de los sistemas planta-polinizador en jaque: ¿Es la topología de la red un parámetro determinante en la respuesta del sistema a la destrucción del hábitat? o ¿Porqué se observa que la susceptibilidad de las especies a la extinción, no parece depender de su grado de especialización? Si bien estas preguntas no han podido ser completamente respondidas, nuestro estudio plantea algunos acercamientos a sus posibles respuestas que dan un nuevo punto de vista a la investigación de estos sistemas.
Resumen en inglés
Plant-pollinator mutualistic system endangered. The indiscriminated intervention of humans in the enviroment is one of the fundamental causes of habitat destruction and fragmentation. Plant-pollinator systems have coevolved since late cretaceous and some new research has shown that they may have been established long before. Pollination by animals is the most effective system of sexual reproduction in plants and it is not comparable with any technology used in farming. That is the reason why the study of the impact of habitat destruction in such systems is fundamental. About the response of these systems to habitat fragmentation, there have been many hypothesis over the table, some of them confirmed and others surprisingly denied by field studies. We aim in this work to try to confirm and understand which are the fundamental properties of this systems that make them respond in a particular way to disturbance. Through population dynamics models, metapopulation models and complex networks theory, we set some computational tools that allow us to simulate the effects of habitat destruction in the system. In that way we can observe their behavior and answer some of the questions that have plant-pollinator systems ecology in jeopardy: Is the topology of the network a fundamental parameter in the response of the system to habitat destruction? Does susceptibility to species extintion depends on their specialization degree? Even though these questions could not been thoroughly answered, we believe that our study sets a starting point towards their solution, providing a new point of view to the investigation of these systems.
| Tipo de objeto: | Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias Físicas) |
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| Palabras Clave: | Simbiosis; Symbiosis; Asimetría; Asymmetry; Fecundación de las plantas; Fertilization of plants; Dinámica de la población; Population dynamics; Hábitat |
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| Materias: | Medio ambiente natural Ciencias sociales > Demografía |
| Divisiones: | Investigación y aplicaciones no nucleares > Física > Física estadística |
| Código ID: | 127 |
| Depositado Por: | Samanta Tello |
| Depositado En: | 05 Jul 2010 14:10 |
| Última Modificación: | 05 Jul 2010 14:10 |
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