Melnichuk, Maximiliano (2010) Estudio numérico y experimental de almacenadores de hidrógeno basados en hidruros metálicos / Numerical and experimental study of hydrogen containers based on metal-hydrides. Tesis Doctoral en Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto Balseiro.
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Resumen en español
Entre los múltiples desafíos que representa el uso de hidrógeno como combustible alternativo a los combustibles fósiles, su almacenamiento es uno de los que más atención requiere. El almacenamiento de hidrógeno en aleaciones formadoras de hidruro se presenta como una posibilidad factible en vistas de las dificultades propias del almacenamiento del hidrógeno como gas o como líquido. En el presente trabajo de tesis se estudian los fenómenos asociados a absorción y desorción de hidrógeno en contenedores de hidruro metálico. Se hace énfasis en el fenómeno de transferencia de calor, principal limitante de los tiempos de carga y descarga de los almacenadores. Debido a la baja conductividad efectiva del hidruro en estado particulado, y a los valores de calor de formación asociados a la reacción con hidrógeno, se hace necesario facilitar el intercambio de calor entre el seno del hidruro y el medio exterior. Mediante estudios numéricos se optimizaron aletas internas conductoras de calor en función del tiempo de carga y del diámetro del almacenador. Se comprobó experimentalmente la validez de las simulaciones en dispositivos diseñados y construidos especialmente para tal fin. Se estudió el desempeño de un almacenador de hidruros prototipo, analizando la sensibilidad de la simulación respecto de los principales parámetros físicos de la aleación. La actividad experimental asociada a estos estudios requirió la elaboración de aleaciones mediante horno de arco y su caracterización metalúrgica. Para estudiar el comportamiento de absorción y desorción de las aleaciones a partir de la fase gaseosa se desarrolló un equipo volumétrico tipo Sieverts automatizado. Con estos elementos se propone un procedimiento de diseño de almacenadores de hidruros que define, dado un caudal de desorción y un diámetro de almacenador, la fracción volumétrica de material conductor de calor que se debe agregar para lograr un desempeño satisfactorio. Se comprobó que este procedimiento, que se desarrolló para aleaciones del tipo AB5, es aplicable a aleaciones con calores de formación del mismo orden.
Resumen en inglés
Among the multiple challenges associated with the use of hydrogen as an alternative to fossil fuels, the problem of its storage is the one that requires more attention. Given the difficulties inherent to the storage of compressed or liquified hydrogen, the use of hydride forming alloys as storage media could be a viable option. In the present work, the phenomena related to hydrogen absorption and desorption from metal hydride containers is studied. Emphasis is made on the heat transfer phenomenon, which is the main limiting factor of charge and discharge times. Due to the low effective thermal conductivity of the hydride powder and to the values of heat of formation associated to the reaction with hydrogen, it becomes necessary to facilitate the heat interchange between the hydride bed and the exterior. By means of numerical methods, heat conducting internal fins were optimized as a function of charge time and container diameter. The calculations were validated experimentally by using specially designed devices. The behavior of a hydride storage unit was studied, as well as the simulation sensitivity with respect to the main physical parameters of the alloy. The experimental activity related to these studies required the elaboration of alloys in an arc furnace and their metallurgical characterization. In order to study their hydrogen absorption and desorption behavior, an automatized Sieverts's type volumetric equipment was developed. With these elements, a design procedure for hydride storage containers is proposed, that defines the volumetric fraction of thermal conducting material, for a given desorption flow rate and container diameter.
| Tipo de objeto: | Tesis (Tesis Doctoral en Ciencias de la Ingeniería) |
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| Palabras Clave: | Almacenamiento de hidrógeno; Hidrogen storage; Hidruros; Hydrides; Contenedores; Containers; Transferencia de calor; Heat transfer; Aletas; Fins |
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| Materias: | Ingeniería Metalurgia |
| Divisiones: | Aplicaciones de la energía nuclear > Tecnología de materiales y dispositivos > Metalurgia |
| Código ID: | 132 |
| Depositado Por: | Samanta Tello |
| Depositado En: | 02 Jul 2010 13:34 |
| Última Modificación: | 05 Jul 2010 10:59 |
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