Dellavale Clara, Héctor D. (2012) Algoritmos para el procesamiento concurrente de señales y su aplicación en sonoluminiscencia. / Concurrent signal processing algorithms with applications in sonoluminescence. Tesis Doctoral en Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto Balseiro.
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Resumen en español
El contenido de esta tesis abarca el desarrollo y aplicación de un sistema multifrecuencia para la exploración de los límites de concentración de energía en el fenómeno de sonoluminiscencia. Como parte del sistema multifrecuencia se incluye el diseño de una etapa amplificadora de alta tensión (V_out =100V_p ) y considerable ancho de banda ( BW = 400kHz @ C_L = 2nF ) para la excitación de los actuadores piezoeléctricos. Los algoritmos de procesamiento digital utilizados para el diseño del sistema multifrecuencia incluyen la técnica Lock in, filtros recursivos y moduladores Delta- Sigma. La implementación eficiente de las arquitecturas concurrentes asociadas a estos algoritmos se realiza mediante la utilización de dispositivos de lógica programable, específicamente tecnología FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array). A partir de la generación de código HDL (Hardware Description Language) re-utilizable se propone además la integración de los módulos de procesamiento en un sistema lock in multifrecuencia y multicanal orientado a aplicaciones del tipo ECISTM (Electric Cellsubstrate Impedance Sensing, Applied BioPhysics) y EBIS (Electrical Bio Impedance Sensing). Las arquitecturas desarrolladas para el sistema lock in multicanal resultan escalables en el número de etapas lock in (firmware) y número de canales analógicos de salida (firmware/hardware). La implementación de las arquitecturas propuestas muestra que con la tecnología de los dispositivos de lógica programable disponible actualmente (tecnología CMOS de 90nm a 28nm ) es posible la implementación de decenas de módulos lock in y canales analógicos de salida en un único dispositivo FPGA. Para el estudio del campo acústico en sonoluminiscencia se propone un modelo analítico del resonador esférico y se realiza una descripción semi-analítica del sistema resonador-burbuja. Los modelos propuestos permiten identifican los mecanismos disipativos que determinan el factor de calidad del sistema resonante. Se analiza además como la emisión acústica de la burbuja sonoluminiscente y su interacción con el resonador esférico determinan la amplitud y fase relativa de las componentes armónicas que conforman el campo acústico. En los últimos capítulos se presenta el análisis de los resultados obtenidos mediante la aplicación del sistema multifrecuencia en los experimentos de sonoluminiscencia realizados con solución acuosa de ácido sulfúrico. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la utilización de una excitación bi-armónica constituye un mecanismo que posibilita atrapar, e incluso estabilizar espacialmente, burbujas sonoluminiscentes en condiciones de muy bajas concentraciones de gas disuelto en el líquido ( ≈1mbar ). Mediante la utilización de una excitación bi-armónica y ≈1mbar de xenón disuelto en solución acuosa de ácido sulfúrico al 85% en peso, se obtuvo un límite de ≈ 70kK para la temperatura máxima del gas contenido en la burbuja sonoluminiscente. Este límite es impuesto por la inestabilidad posicional causada por la componente de frecuencia fundamental de la excitación bi-armónica. Esta conclusión se obtuvo a partir del análisis de las fuerzas hidrodinámicas que actúan sobre la burbuja. Las fuerzas hidrodinámicas se calcularon a partir del modelo numérico para la dinámica del radio de la burbuja. Luego, estas predicciones teóricas fueron validadas con los datos experimentales.
Resumen en inglés
A multifrequency system based on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology is described. The proposed system was tailored to explore the energy concentration limit in single bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL). Besides, a high-voltage wide-bandwidth amplifier (V_out =100V_p , BW = 400kHz @ C_L = 2nF ) was designed and assembled in order to excite the piezoelectric drivers. The implemented digital signal processing (DSP) includes the lock in technique, recursive filters and noise shaping modulators. In order to improve the reusability of the DSP blocks described through hardware description language (HDL), the design was partitioned in concurrent architectures. These architectures were described in parametrized code style. As a consequence, the DSP blocks were readily integrated in a multifrequency and multichannel lock in system suitable for other applications: ECISTM (Electric Cell-substrate Impedance Sensing, Applied BioPhysics) and EBIS (Electrical Bio Impedance Sensing). The proposed multichannel lock in system is scalable in the number of lock in stages (firmware) and analog output channels (firmware/hardware). In case of the current technology ( 90nm to 28nm CMOS technology), the synthesis results for the proposed architectures show that it is possible to implement the order of tens lock in stages and analog output channels in a single FPGA device. On the other hand, the acoustic field in the liquid within a spherical solid shell is calculated. The proposed model takes into account Stoke’s wave equation in the viscous fluid, the membrane theory to describe the solid shell motion and the energy loss through the external couplings of the system. A point source at the resonator center is included to reproduce the acoustic emission of a sonoluminescence bubble. Furthermore, the interaction between the bubble acoustic emission and the resonator modes is analyzed. It was found that the bubble acoustic emission produces local maxima in the resonator response. In addition, the multifrequency system is applied to explore the energy concentration limit in SBSL with sulfuric acid. The experimental results show that a bi-harmonic excitation makes it possible to trap and spatially stabilize the sonoluminescent bubble with very low amount of gas dissolved in the liquid ( ≈1mbar ). As a result, in case of the bi-harmonic excitation and sulfuric acid aqueous solution with xenon dissolved ( ≈1mbar ), it has been found ≈ 70kK for the peak temperature for the gas at the bubble collapse. It was found that this limit is due to the positional instability produced by the fundamental frequency of the harmonic excitation. This result was obtained through the analysis of the hydrodynamical forces acting on the bubble. The hydrodynamical forces were calculated using the numerical model for the radial dynamics of the bubble. Besides, these teoretical results were validated against the experimental data.
| Tipo de objeto: | Tesis (Tesis Doctoral en Ciencias de la Ingeniería) |
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| Palabras Clave: | Lock-in amplifiers; Amplificadores lock-in; Noise; Ruido; Noise-shaping modulators; Moduladores delta-sigma; Sonoluminescence; Sonoluminiscencia |
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| Materias: | Ingeniería |
| Divisiones: | Energía nuclear > Ingeniería nuclear > Termohidráulica |
| Código ID: | 338 |
| Depositado Por: | Marisa G. Velazco Aldao |
| Depositado En: | 13 Jul 2012 15:31 |
| Última Modificación: | 05 Oct 2021 12:05 |
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