Mayer, Rodrigo I. (2013) Diseño de un dispositivo amortiguador basado en el efecto superelástico en aleaciones de NiTi. / Design of a damping device based on the superelastic effect in NiTi alloys. Proyecto Integrador Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto Balseiro.
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Resumen en español
Se diseñó un dispositivo con capacidades de amortiguamiento y recentrado de estructuras sometidas a cargas dinámicas, haciendo uso del comportamiento superelástico de aleaciones con memoria de forma (AMF). Esta propiedad permite, por medio de una transformación martensítica inducida mediante la aplicación de una carga mecánica, imponer deformaciones cercanas al 8% y, al quitar la carga, recuperar las dimensiones originales con una deformación residual mínima. Se trata de un proceso termoelástico que involucra un ciclo de histéresis en su diagrama tensión-deformación, el cual puede aprovecharse para disipar energía. Se construyó el dispositivo, de acción uniaxial, contemplando el uso de elementos esbeltos (alambres o cintas) de aleaciones de base Níquel-Titanio con memoria de forma. Luego se caracterizó su desempeño mediante una serie de ensayos de tracción utilizando diferentes programas de movimiento y condiciones de frecuencia y amplitud de deformación variadas. Los resultados muestran que el comportamiento del material en estado de entrega se modifica al someterlo a ciclos de carga y descarga, pero se estabiliza antes de los 100 ciclos. También se encontró una importante dependencia del desempeño del dispositivo con la velocidad de deformación a causa de los efectos térmicos, auto-inducidos por el intercambio de calor latente de transformación. Aún así mostró condiciones favorables para la disipación de energía mecánica y el recentrado de estructuras. Finalmente, se desarrolló un modelo numérico para estudiar el desempeño del dispositivo en sistemas de un grado de libertad (SDF) bajo distintas condiciones.
Resumen en inglés
A damping and recentering device was designed making use of the superelastic behavior shown by shape memory alloys (SMA). Superelasticity allows for these materials to withstand large deformations (beyond 8% strain) and still recover their original shape with no significant residual strain. A thermoelastic first order transformation of its crystallographic structure is involved, meaning that there is a hysteresis loop associated to its stress-strain diagram. This may be exploited for energy dissipation. The prototype was conceived for the use of slender NiTi components, like wires and ribbons. Then it was subjected to mechanical testing under several loading conditions, varying amplitude between 1 and 5 mm, and frequency in the 0,001-5 Hz range. Results showed that material behavior changed upon cycling, although it stabilized before reaching 100 cycles. It was observed that device performance was affected by strain rate, due to thermal effects related to latent heat exchange during phase transformations. It showed an overall good recentering and damping performance. Finally, an algorithm was developed in order to numerically address its time history response in single degree of freedom (SDF) systems, under different conditions.
| Tipo de objeto: | Tesis (Proyecto Integrador Ingeniería Mecánica) |
|---|---|
| Palabras Clave: | Alloys; Aleaciones; Shape memory effect; Efecto memoria forma; Thermoelasticity; Termoelasticidad; Martensitic transformation; Transformación martensítica; Efecto superelástico; Superelastic effect |
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| Materias: | Física > Física de materiales Metalurgia > Aleaciones |
| Divisiones: | Gcia. de área de Investigación y aplicaciones no nucleares > Gcia. de Física > Ciencias de materiales > Física de metales |
| Código ID: | 425 |
| Depositado Por: | Marisa G. Velazco Aldao |
| Depositado En: | 07 Mar 2014 16:28 |
| Última Modificación: | 07 Mar 2014 16:28 |
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