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Efectos de la microestructura sobre la transmisión de neutrones en materiales de interés nuclear. / Microstructural effects on the neutron transmission signal of nuclear materials.

Malamud, Florencia (2016) Efectos de la microestructura sobre la transmisión de neutrones en materiales de interés nuclear. / Microstructural effects on the neutron transmission signal of nuclear materials. Tesis Doctoral en Física, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto Balseiro.

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Resumen en español

Cuando un haz policromático de neutrones pasa a través de un material, los neutrones de distintas longitudes de onda son atenuados en formas muy diferentes. Como resultado, el espectro de energía del haz de neutrones cambia cuando una muestra es colocada frente el haz. Un análisis detallado del cociente de intensidad entre los haces de transmitido e incidente puede proporcionar una gran cantidad de información acerca de la estructura cristalina y microestructura de la muestra, definidas a través de la sección eficaz total del material. Para neutrones térmicos y sub-térmicos, el ordenamiento y movimiento de los átomos a escala microscópica define en forma precisa la dependencia de esta magnitud con la energía del neutrón incidente. Así, la variación con la energía de la sección eficaz total de los sólidos debido a la estructura de los átomos para distancias entre 0,1 y 100 Å se encuentra bien establecida, y es explotada en el estudio de estructuras cristalinas y de los movimientos vibracionales y rotacionales. Como contrapartida, el efecto de la estructura mesoscópica de los materiales, esto es para dimensiones entre 0,1 y 100 µm, sobre la sección eficaz total ha sido mucho menos estudiado, a pesar de provocar cambios profundos en esta magnitud. En esta Tesis estudiamos y formalizamos la dependencia de la sección eficaz total con características microestructurales tales como la porosidad, y la distribución de tamaños y orientaciones de los granos que componen los materiales, y desarrollamos modelos teóricos a partir de las características microestructurales de muestras de interés nuclear con diferente microestructura. Estos modelos permiten describir la contribuci ón de la componente elástica coherente de la seción eficaz total sobre los espectros de transmisión de neutrones e introducen parámetros como la cantidad de cristales que conforman el material, su estructura cristalina, parámetros de red, mosaicidad, estructura de poros u orientación preferencial de granos, para describir la sección total de materiales monocristalinos o policristalinos. En todos los casos, los modelos desarrollados fueron implementados en una biblioteca basada en el lenguaje computacional MATLAB y fueron comparados con secciones eficaces totales obtenidas en experimentos de transmisión de neutrones realizados en el Departamento de Física de Neutrones del Centro Atómico Bariloche y en ISIS Facility, Reino Unido. Los novedosos modelos microestructurales propuestos describen fielmente los experimentos desarrollados sobre muestras con distinta microestructura, lo que permite el empleo de los mismos en un código de refinamiento sobre los datos experimentales. Aquí, desarrollamos herramientas computacionales que ajustan por cuadrados mínimos no lineales los modelos paramétricos representativos de cada microestructura, sobre la sección eficaz total o la transmisión experimental, para determinar parámetros microestructurales de la muestra a partir de experimentos de transmisión de neutrones con resolución en longitud de onda. Los resultados son de particular relevancia para la interpretación y el análisis cuantitativo de las imágenes realizadas por la técnica de radiografía neutrónica con resolución en energía, que ha recibido un gran impulso en años recientes.

Resumen en inglés

When a polychromatic neutron beam passes through a crystalline material, neutrons of different energies are attenuated differently. As a result, the energy spectrum of the neutron beam changes with a sample in the beam. A careful analysis of the intensity ratio between the transmitted and incident beams can provide a wealth of information about the crystalline structure and microstructure of the sample, deffined by the material total cross section. For sub-thermal and thermal neutrons, the order and movement of atoms on a microscopic scale precisely define the dependence of this magnitude with the incident neutron energy. Thus, the variation with energy of the total cross section of the solid because of the structure of atoms to distances between 0.1 and 100 Å is well established, and is exploited in the study of crystal structures and vibrational and rotational motions. In contrast, the effect of the mesoscopic structure of materials, this is for dimensions between 0.1 and 100 µ m, on the total cross section has been much less studied, although cause profound changes in this magnitude. This thesis study and formalize the dependence of the total cross section with microstructural characteristics such as porosity, and distribution of sizes and orientations of grains making up the materials, and develop theoretical models from the microstructural characteristics of nuclear interest samples with different microstructure. These models allow to describe the contribution of the coherent elastic component of the total cross secion on the neutrons transmission spectra and introduce parameters such as the amount of crystals and crystal structure, lattice parameters, mosaicity, pore structure or preferential orientation of grains, in order to describe the total cross section of monocrystalline or polycrystalline materials. In all cases, the models developed were implemented in a MATLAB-based library and were compared with total cross sections obtained in neutron transmission experiments performed in the Departamento de Física de Neutrones del Centro Atómico Bariloche and ISIS Facility, UK. The novel microstructural models faithfully describe experiments on samples with different microstructure, enabling the use thereof in a reffinement over the experimental data. Here, we developed computational tools which set minimum squares nonlinear parametric models representative of each microstructure on the total cross section or the experimental transmission spectra, to determine microstructural parameters of the sample from energy resolved neutron transmission experiments. The results are of particular relevance to the interpretation and quantitative analysis of the images taken by the technique of neutron radiography with energy resolution, which has received a boost in recent years.

Tipo de objeto:	Tesis (Tesis Doctoral en Física)
Palabras Clave:	Neutron transport theory; Teoría del transporte de neutrones; Neutron diffraction; Difracción de neutrones; Crystal structure; Estructura cristalina; Neutron transfer; Tranferencia de neutrones; Transfer reactions; Reacciones de transferencia; Porosity; Porosidad; Cross sections; Secciones eficaces;[MATLAB; Microstructures; Microestructuras; Monocrystalline materials; Materiales monocristalinos; Polycrystalline materials; Materiales policristalinos; Nuclear Materials; Materiales nucleares]
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Materias:	Física Física > Física nuclear
Divisiones:	Energía nuclear > Ingeniería nuclear > Física de neutrones
Código ID:	550
Depositado Por:	USUARIO INVÁLIDO
Depositado En:	26 Aug 2016 14:54
Última Modificación:	26 Aug 2016 14:54

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