Guarín González, Nicolás (2017) Eficiencia de un detector Cherenkov en agua para la detección de neutrones. / Efficiency of a water Cherenkov detector for nutron detection. Maestría en Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto Balseiro.
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Resumen en español
La caracterización del detector Cherenkov en agua (WCD, por sus siglas en inglés) como detector de neutrones es una aplicación importante para este tipo de detector no solo por uso en investigación básica, sino su potencial para hacer meteorología espacial, además de que por su gran volumen activo, su facilidad de instalación y bajo costo de construcción puede ser utilizado como una opción viable para reemplazar los detectores de 3"He como salvaguardia nuclear en pasos fronterizos y puestos aduaneros. En el desarrollo de este proyecto se realizaron simulaciones detalladas con diferentes geometrías para comprender los procesos físicos más importantes que ocurren dentro del detector. Primero se simuló un haz de neutrones que incide dentro de un volumen infinito de agua para ver todas las reacciones posibles que puede realizar el neutrón dentro de esta. Luego se trabajó con un volumen cúbico de 1 m"3 de agua pura lo que permitió cuantificar la cantidad de radiación que abandona el volumen y la energía depositada, así como realizar histogramas en energía de las partículas secundarias (gamma y electrones) que fueron creadas dentro de este volumen. Finalmente las últimas simulaciones se hicieron con una geometría compleja lo más parecida al montaje experimental, además de simular los blindajes que se utilizaron, la respuesta del PMT y las dos fuentes de neutrones que iban a ser utilizadas en la parte experimental: AmBe y 252"Cf. En esta simulación se calculó la eficiencia del WCD para detectar neutrones probando diferentes montajes experimentales, se realizaron simulaciones con el detector con y sin el recubierto del Tyvek, además de dos tamaños diferentes de detector y varias configuraciones de blindajes: Plomo; Plomo y Parafina; y Plomo, Parafina y Cadmio. En el proyecto también se realizaron mediciones experimentales con dosWCD de diferente alturas, las mediciones fueron realizadas con dos fuentes de neutrones, una de Am-Be y otra de 252"Cf a diferentes distancias y con las mismas configuraciones de blindajes que se usaron en la simulación, luego con los histogramas obtenidos se calculó la eficiencia de ambos detectores. Finalmente se contrastaron las simulaciones y experimentos y se describieron las similitudes y diferencias entre ambos.
Resumen en inglés
The characterization of the Water Cherenkov Detector (WCD) as a neutron detector is an important application for this type of detector, not only for applications in basic research, but also for its potential as a complementary detector for space weather. In addition to its large active volume, it is easy to install and have a low cost. This work suggest that WCD can be used as a viable option to replace the 3"He detectors as a nuclear safeguard at border crossings and customs posts. In the development of this project, previous simulations were performed with different geometries to understand the most important physical processes that occur within the detector. First, it was simulated a neutron beam that hits within an infinite volume of water to observe all the possible reactions of neutrons within the water volume. Then, a simulation was made with a volume of 1 m"3 of water which allowed us to quantify the amount of radiation that leaves the volume and the deposited energy, as well as to obtain the energy histograms of the secondary particles (gamma and electrons) that were created within the volume. Finally, the last simulations were made with a complex geometry similar to the experimental setup, besides simulating the shielding that was used, the response of the PMT and the two neutron sources that were used in the experimental part: AmBe and 252"Cf. In this simulation the efficiency of the WCD was calculated to detect neutrons by testing different experimental assemblies, simulation was performed with the detector with and without the Tyvek coating, in addition to two different detector’s height and several configurations of shielding: Lead; Lead and Paraffin; and Lead, Paraffin and Cadmium. The project also carried out measurements with WCD of different heights, the measurements were made with two neutron sources, one of Am-Be and another of 252"Cf at different distances and with the same configurations of shielding as used in the simulation, then with the histograms obtained, the efficiency of both detectors was calculated. Finally, the simulations and experiments were contrasted and the similarities and differences between the two were described.
| Tipo de objeto: | Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias Físicas) |
|---|---|
| Información Adicional: | Área Temática: Física de neutrones. |
| Palabras Clave: | Neutron capture; Captura neutrónica; Photoelectric effect; Efecto fotoeléctrico; [Cherenkov effect; Efecto Cherenkov; Water Cherenkov; Detector Cherenkov en agua; Neutron moderation; Moderación de neutrones] |
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| Materias: | Física |
| Divisiones: | Energía nuclear > Ingeniería nuclear > Física de neutrones |
| Código ID: | 681 |
| Depositado Por: | Tamara Cárcamo |
| Depositado En: | 29 May 2018 11:21 |
| Última Modificación: | 29 May 2018 11:21 |
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