Gentile, Mauro A. (2018) Almacenamiento de hidrógeno basado en materiales formadores de hidruro para generadores de avalanchas de nieve. / Hydrogen storage in metal hydride materials for snow avalanches generator. Maestría en Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto Balseiro.
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Resumen en español
Presentamos la selección, síntesis y caracterización de materiales formadores de hidruro (MFH) capaces de almacenar hidrógeno de manera reversible a temperaturas sub cero, para utilizarlo en la producción de explosiones que deriven en la generación de avalanchas de nieve. La generación de avalanchas intencionales es un mecanismo efectivo que previene ocurrencia de eventos fortuitos, asegurando áreas de interés como: centros de deportes invernales, zonas mineras o caminos. Para ello, se propone originar una onda de presión a partir de la combustión de hidrógeno y oxígeno que, a diferencia de otros agentes detonantes, es inocuo y constituye un combustible renovable. El almacenamiento de hidrógeno en MFH requiere menor volumen y presión de almacenaje que la opción gaseosa, significando una propuesta novedosa. Se determinaron las condiciones de contorno para la protección de un área durante una temporada invernal, en conjunto con el concesionario del centro de esquí del Cerro Catedral. Siendo necesarias 30 detonaciones, operando a una temperatura de −15 °𝐶. Se expandió el intervalo de temperatura estudiado para materiales potencialmente adecuados para esta aplicación, MFH de la familia 𝐴𝐵_5: 𝐿𝑎𝑁𝑖_5, 𝑀𝑚𝑁𝑖_5, 𝑀𝑚_0.5𝐿𝑎_0.5𝑁𝑖_5 y 𝑀𝑚𝑁_𝑖5−𝑥𝑆𝑛_𝑥 (Mm: mischmetal), determinando capacidades de almacenamiento, propiedades de equilibrio y cinética de reacción de absorción y desorción de 𝐻_2, y los valores correspondientes a los cambios de entalpía 𝛥𝐻 y entropía 𝛥𝑆. Se diseñaron los procesos de suministro de 𝐻_2 en escenarios donde exista provisión de energía eléctrica y donde no. En el primer caso, la propuesta es almacenar el hidrógeno en el compuesto 𝑀𝑚_0.5𝐿𝑎_0.5𝑁𝑖_5 y en el segundo, en el compuesto 𝑀𝑚𝑁𝑖_4.9𝑆𝑛_0.1 que, con un 37% adicional de MFH aseguraría condiciones de provisión. Se estudiaron soluciones para la recarga de hidrógeno in situ en base a la generación del mismo utilizando un electrolizador comercial y un dispositivo para elevar la presión.
Resumen en inglés
We present the selection, synthesis and characterization of hydride forming materials (HFM) capable of reversibly storing hydrogen at subzero temperatures, for use in the production of explosions that result in the generation of snow avalanches. The generation of intentional avalanches is an effective mechanism that prevents the occurrence of fortuitous events, ensuring areas of interest such as: winter sports centers, mining areas or roads. For this, it is proposed to originate a pressure wave from the combustion of hydrogen and oxygen that, unlike other detonating agents, is harmless and constitutes a renewable fuel. The storage of hydrogen in HFM requires less volume and storage pressure than the gaseous option, meaning a novel proposal. Contour conditions were determined for the protection of an area during a winter season, in conjunction with the concessionaire of the Ski Center of Cerro Catedral. In which 30 detonations are required, operating at a temperature of −15 ° 𝐶. We expanded the temperature range studied was for materials potentially suitable for this application, HFM of the family 𝐴𝐵_5: 𝐿𝑎𝑁𝑖_5, 𝑀𝑚𝑁𝑖_5, 𝑀𝑚_0.5𝐿𝑎_0.5𝑁𝑖_5 and 𝑀𝑚𝑁𝑖_5−𝑥𝑆𝑛_𝑥 (Mm: mischmetal), determining storage capacities, equilibrium properties and reaction kinetics of absorption and desorption of 𝐻_2, and the values corresponding to the enthalpy changes 𝛥𝐻 and entropy 𝛥𝑆. The 𝐻_2 supply processes were designed, in scenarios where there is electricity supply and where is not. In the first case, the proposal is to store hydrogen in the compound 𝑀𝑚_0.5𝐿𝑎_0.5𝑁𝑖_5 and in the second, in the compound 𝑀𝑚𝑁𝑖_4.9𝑆𝑛_0.1 which, with an additional 37% of HFM would ensure supply conditions. Solutions for hydrogen recharge in situ were studied based on its generation using a commercial electrolyzer and a device to raise the pressure.
| Tipo de objeto: | Tesis (Maestría en Ingeniería) |
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| Palabras Clave: | Hydrogen; Hidrógeno; Snow; Nieve; Technology applications; [Metal hydrides; Hidruros metálicos; Technological applications; Aplicaciones tecnológicas; Renewable energies; Energías renovables] |
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| Materias: | Ingeniería > Almacenamiento de hidrógeno Ingeniería nuclear > Combustibles nucleares Ingeniería > Tecnología del hidrógeno |
| Divisiones: | Aplicaciones de la energía nuclear > Tecnología de materiales y dispositivos > Fisicoquímica de materiales |
| Código ID: | 726 |
| Depositado Por: | Tamara Cárcamo |
| Depositado En: | 15 Jul 2019 12:14 |
| Última Modificación: | 15 Jul 2019 12:14 |
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