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Efectos magnetoelásticos en sistemas a base de gadolinio. / Magnetoelastic effects in galolium-based systems.

Betancourth , Diana M. (2018) Efectos magnetoelásticos en sistemas a base de gadolinio. / Magnetoelastic effects in galolium-based systems. Tesis Doctoral en Física, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto Balseiro.

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Resumen en español

La interacción entre las propiedades magnéticas y las propiedades elásticas dan lugar a una física muy atractiva desde el punto de vista básico por la complejidad de sus características y desde el punto de vista tecnológico por la variedad de sus aplicaciones. En esta tesis doctoral se realizo un estudio teórico-experimental de las propiedades magnetoelásticas de monocristales de GdCoI_n5 y GdRhI_n5, pertenecientes a la familia RMI_n5 (R=Tierra Rara, M=Metal de Transición e In=Indio). Los monocristales estudiados se sintetizaron a través del método de auto flujo. Después de verificar la estequiometra y la estructura cristalina de los monocristales obtenidos, se estudiaron diversas propiedades físicas con el objetivo de comprender el comportamiento a bajas temperaturas y altos campos magnéticos de estos monocristales. Particularmente, de la caracterización magnética se determino que los sistemas de estudio presentan ordenamientos tipo antiferromagnético (AFM) y se evidencio de esta caracterización que las propiedades magnéticas en estos sistemas están dominadas por la contribución de la tierra rara involucrada (R). Por este motivo, este trabajo doctoral se enfoco en comprender el rol que desempeña el Gadolinio (Gd) en las diferentes propiedades del sistema. Con el fin de comprender las propiedades termodinámicas de los sistemas en estudio, se utilizo el método de Monte Carlo Quantico (QMC) para realizar simulaciones que permitieron reproducir las mediciones experimentales de la susceptibilidad magnética y del calor especifico. El modelo propuesto permitió obtener información microscópica del sistema e indagar sobre las interacciones de intercambio presentes. Sin embargo, las simulaciones por QMC no permitieron incorporar una competencia entre las constantes de acoplamiento, ni deformaciones en la red y debido a esta limitación no fue posible utilizarla para reproducir otro tipo de mediciones como la magnetostricción. Los principales resultados de este trabajo están asociados a las propiedades magnetoelásticas cuando se emplearon campos magnéticos altos (hasta 16T). Este fenómeno, conocido como magnetostricción forzada, mostró un efecto muy singular cuando se realizaron mediciones al aplicar un campo magnético a lo largo del eje a o b en la fase ordenada, un efecto que desaparece en el régimen paramagnético. Ademas, las mediciones con campo magnético aplicado a lo largo del eje c presentaron un comportamiento sin fuertes efectos magnetostrictivos. Esta diferencia entre las mediciones longitudinales a lo largo del eje a(b) y el eje c, es clara evidencia de una anisotropa, que no era de esperarse debido a que el ion Gd"3+ tiene un momento angular orbital nulo en el estado fundamental. Sin embargo, en esta tesis se encontró que deformaciones en los parámetros de red del orden de 10"-4A están asociadas con la anisotropa visualizada. Usualmente, deformaciones tan pequeñas suelen ser ignoradas cuando se estudian sus propiedades magnéticas, esto se debe en gran parte a la dificultad experimental para observarlas. Experimentalmente, esta tesis aprovecho la alta resolución y sensibilidad de la técnica de la dilatometra por el método capacitivo para obtener mediciones de los efectos magnetoelásticos en los sistemas GdCo_In5 y GdRhI_n5. Teóricamente para interpretar estos resultados y reproducirlos se desarrollo un modelo con el objetivo de mostrar que a partir del estudio microscópico se puede obtener información microscópica del sistema. Particularmente, el tipo de ordenamiento antiferromagnético, el origen de la anisotropa magnética, la frustración magnética, la cuantificación de los efectos de campo cristalino y de las deformaciones en los parámetros de red. Estos resultados evidencian que el sistema presenta una ligera distorsión que implica un cambio de simetría tetragonal a ortorrombica. Este rompimiento de la simetría tetragonal es una consecuencia directa del acople magnetoelástico y podrá ser una característica general de los compuestos a base de Gd que poseen ordenamiento antiferromagnético con estructura tetragonal.

Resumen en inglés

The interaction between magnetic properties and elastic properties (electron-phonon interaction) gives rise to a very interesting physics from a fundamental perspective as well as from a technological point of view due to potential applications. In this doctoral thesis we performed a theorical and experimental study of the magnetoelastic properties of the systems GdCoI_n5 and GdRhI_n5, which belong to the family RMI_n5 (R=Rare earth M=Metal of transition and In=Indium). The single crystals studied were synthesized using the self-flux method. After checking the stoichiometry and the crystal structure of the single crystals the magnetic, thermal and transport properties were studied. In particular, it was determined from the magnetic characterization that the studied systems presented antiferromagnetic type arrangements (AFM). It was evidenced from this characterization that the magnetic properties are dominated by the contribution of the rare earth involved (R). For this reason, this doctoral thesis is focused on understanding the role played by Gadolinium (Gd) in the different properties of the systems. In order to understand the magnetic and thermodynamic properties in the systems under study, the Quantum Monte Carlo method (QMC) was used to perform simulations that allowed to reproduce experimental measurements of magnetic susceptibility and specic heat. The proposed model allowed to obtain microscopic information of the system, particularly on the exchange interactions. However, the simulations by QMC did not allow to incorporate the competition between the coupling constants, nor lattice distortions. Due to this limitation it is not possible to use it to reproduce other type of measurements like the magnetostriction. The main results of this work are associated to the magnetoelastic properties when magnetic elds (up to 16T) were used. This phenomenon, known as forced magnetostriction, showed an abrupt increase in the lattice lengths when the magnetic field was applied along the a or b axes in the ordered phase, whereas the magnetostrictive effect disappears in the paramagnetic regime. In addition, an applied eld along the c-axis did not show any relevant magnetostriction. This dierence between the longitu- dinal measurements along the a(b)-axes and c-axis, is a clear evidence of an anisotropy which was not to be expected due to the zero orbital angular moment of the Gd"3+ in the ground state. In this thesis, it is shown that lattice strains of order 10"-4A are associated with the observed anisotropy. Usually, these small deformations are ignored when studying the magnetic properties. This is due in major part to the experimental dificulty to measure them. Experimentally, this thesis takes advantage of the high resolution and sensitivity of the dilatometry technique by the capacitive method to obtain measurements of the magnetoelastics eects in the GdCoI_n5 and GdRhI_n5 systems. Theoretically, in order to interpret these results and to reproduce them a model was developed aimed to show that from the macroscopic study, microscopy information can be obtained from the system. Particularly, the type of antiferromagnetic arrangement, the origin of the magnetic anisotropy, the magnetic frustration, the quantication of the crystalline field effects and the deformations in the lattice parameters can be predicted from the proposed model. These results show that the system presents a slight distortion that implies a change of tetragonal to orthorhombic symmetry. This breaking of the tetragonal symmetry is a direct consequence of the magnetoelastic coupling and could be a general characteristic of the compounds based on Gd that have antiferromagnetic order in a tetragonal structure.

Tipo de objeto:Tesis (Tesis Doctoral en Física)
Palabras Clave:Gadolinium; Gadolinio; Antiferromagnetism; Antiferromagnetismo; Anisotropy; Anisotropía; [Magnetoelastic effects; Efectos magnetoelásticos]
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