Borzone, Emiliano M. (2016) Separación de hidrógeno mediante hidruros metálicos. / Hydrogen separation using metallic hydrides. Tesis Doctoral en Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto Balseiro.
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Resumen en español
Se presenta un proceso de purificación de hidrógeno en flujo, basado en el uso de hidruros metálicos. Este estudio encuentra su motivación en la posibilidad de generar aplicaciones industriales concretas a corto y mediano plazo, de acuerdo a un conjunto de oportunidades identificadas previamente. En base a trabajos previos se escoge el sistema LaNi_5-xSn_x como material activo. Se preparan aleaciones en el rango 0 ≤ x ≤ 0,5 y se caracteriza su reacción con H_2. Los resultados confirman que se trata de un sistema apto para su uso en aplicaciones estacionarias como la propuesta, con presiones de equilibrio cercanas a 1 bar, cinética de reacción apropiada a temperatura ambiente y buena resistencia a la degradación por ciclado. Se presta especial atención a la degradación por ciclado, tanto en H_2 puro como en presencia de CO. La incorporación de Sn aumenta la vida media del material en hidrógeno puro. Por otro lado, el CO retarda fuertemente la reacción, sin reducir la capacidad final. Los estudios de ciclado se realizan utilizando un equipo de laboratorio específico, desarrollado en esta Tesis. El proceso de purificación es implementado a escala de prototipo, utilizando un total de 300 g de LaNi_5. Se discuten los criterios de diseño del equipo y se presentan detalles de su construcción. Se presentan pruebas de purificación sobre hidrógeno previamente humidificado. Utilizando un flujo de trabajo de 100 sccm y a temperatura ambiente, sin fuentes ni sumideros de calor, se logra disminuir el contenido de humedad del gas de entrada de 3800 ppm a 190 ppm, manteniendo una fracción de recuperación del 93 %. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se desarrolla un modelo computacional que describe el comportamiento de la reacción en el rango de condiciones estudiadas. Con esta herramienta se realiza un estudio preliminar del efecto de diferentes parámetros sobre la fracción recuperada. En particular, se evalúa el efecto del flujo de entrada, de la presión máxima, del contenido de Sn, de la caída de carga en el filtro de entrada al reactor, de la temperatura externa, de las condiciones de transferencia térmica y de la presencia de contaminantes nocivos para el material.
Resumen en inglés
A continuous hydrogen purification process based on hydride forming materials is presented. The study is motivated by the possibility of generating industrial applications in the short and medium term, in relation to a group of opportunities previously identified. The system LaNi_5-xSn_x is chosen as the hydride forming material. Alloys within the range 0 ≤ x ≤ 0; 5 are prepared and their interaction with H_2 is characterized. Results confirm this is a suitable system for stationary applications. It shows equilibrium pressures near 1 bar, good reaction kinetics at room temperature and good resistance to cycling-induced degradation. Special attention is paid to cycling degradation, both in pure H_2 and in the presence of CO. Sn addition is found to increase the material's life in pure hydrogen. CO strongly retards the reaction, without affecting the final storage capacity. Cycling studies were made using a special laboratory equipment, developed in this Thesis. The purification process is implemented at a prototype scale, using a total of 300 g of LaNi_5. The equipment's design criteria are discussed and construction details are presented. Purification tests are presented, using previously humidified hydrogen. Using a flow of 100 sccm at room temperature, without the need for heat sources or sinks, the process successfully lowers the humidity content in the gas from 3800 ppm to 190 ppm, with a hydrogen recovery fraction of 93%. A computational model is developed from the experimental results to describe the reaction's behavior in the range of studied conditions. This tool is used in a preliminary study on the effect of different working conditions on the recovery fraction. Specifically, the effect of the operating flow, the maximum pressure, the Sn content in the material, the pressure loss in the filters at the reactor's inlet, the operating temperature, heat transfer conditions and the presence of harmful contaminants are evaluated.
| Tipo de objeto: | Tesis (Tesis Doctoral en Ciencias de la Ingeniería) |
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| Palabras Clave: | Hydrogen; Hidrógeno; Capture; Captura; Purification; Purificación; Hydrides; Hidruros, [Materials science; Ciencia de materiales; Metal hydrides; Hidruros metálicos] |
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| Materias: | Ingeniería > Tecnología del hidrógeno |
| Divisiones: | Gcia. de área de Aplicaciones de la tecnología nuclear > Gcia. de Investigación aplicada > Fisicoquímica de materiales |
| Código ID: | 805 |
| Depositado Por: | Tamara Cárcamo |
| Depositado En: | 08 Aug 2019 10:20 |
| Última Modificación: | 08 Aug 2019 10:20 |
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