Villafañe, Viviana D. (2019) Optomecánica de cavidades en resonadores semiconductores híbridos. / Cavity optomechanic with hybrid semiconductors resonators. Tesis Doctoral en Física, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto Balseiro.
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Resumen en español
La optomecánica de cavidades es el campo de estudio que explora la interacción entre la luz y el movimiento mecánico en medios confinados. El origen de esta interacción es simple, pero fundamental: la luz ejerce fuerza sobre la materia y las consecuencias de esta fuerza, el movimiento, afectan a su vez al campo electromagnético mediante un mecanismo de retroacción. Uno de los fenómenos clave en esta área de investigación es el logro de diversas técnicas de enfriamiento óptico. El enfriamiento por láser se aplica ampliamente a sistemas que van desde iones e átomos neutros a nanoestructuras, partículas dieléctricas y muestras biológicas. La técnica se utiliza tanto para investigar los aspectos fundamentales de la física cuántica como en aplicaciones prácticas entre las que se encuentran la espectroscopía de alta resolución, los relojes atómicos y el desarrollo de sensores ultrasensibles. Los desarrollos tecnológicos vinculados con el enfriamiento por láser abarcan desde la implementación de protocolos cuánticos hasta avances teóricos fundamentales. El principal resultado de esta tesis es la demostración experimental de un nuevo esquema de enfriamiento óptico que utiliza polaritones. Las microcavidades ópticas semiconductoras basadas en refrectores distribuidos de Bragg (DBR) son resonadores físicos híbridos que han sido y continúan siendo objeto de intensas investigaciones debido a muchos fenómenos físicos fundamentales y aplicaciones en dispositivos, incluida la fascinante y rica física de los polaritones de cavidad. Estas microcavidades tienen la capacidad de confinar en el mismo lugar del espacio luz infrarroja y fonones acústicos GHz-THz, con la peculiaridad de que ambos poseen la misma longitud de onda dando lugar a una superposición perfecta de los campos optoacústicos. Estos fonones son modos de respiración de la estructura que modulan fuertemente el modo de cavidad óptica, mejorando así fuertemente los procesos de acoplamiento fotón-fonón. En esta tesis estudiamos las propiedades optomecánicas de un resonador de este tipo con pozos cuánticos embebidos en el espaciador central. Comenzamos por investigar las interacciones de los campos fonónicos y fotónicos lentos y sus perspectivas para aplicaciones optomecánicas. Posteriormente, estudiamos un resonador con pozos cuánticos embebidos que emulan átomos artificiales. Identificamos que la fuerza óptica principal en estos dispositivos impulsados por láseres pulsados es la fuerza optoelectrónica que incluye excitación real de portadores. Luego, realizamos espectroscopía Raman con un láser continuo y demostramos que al diseñar los campos optoacústicos podemos acoplar el campo eléctrico con modos mecánicos ultraltos de manera selectiva y eciente hasta el rango de 200 GHz. Este experimento también nos fue útil para medir los parámetros optomecánicos relevantes de nuestro sistema, como el tiempo de vida media de los fonones y las constantes de acoplamiento optomecánicas. Finalmente, mediante una técnica de bombeo y sondeo atípica en el área de optomec ánica, demostramos la existencia de un mecanismo de alta eficiencia para el enfriamiento óptico en resonadores híbridos semiconductores. El mecanismo involucra la absorción de fonones entre una población de polaritones fuera de equilibrio y un estado óptico excitado. En nuestro esquema, aprovechamos la componente excitónica del polaritón para extraer eficientemente fonones GHz coherentes del resonador y transferir su energía al campo fotónico frío. Al medir la amplitud de los fonones como función del tiempo, obtenemos una reducción de un factor cincuenta en la vida media de los fonones a medida que nos acercamos a la energía del gap del semiconductor.
Resumen en inglés
Cavity optomechanics is the field exploring the interaction between light and mechanical motion in confined media. The origin of this interaction is simple, yet fundamental: Light exerts force on matter and the consequences of this force, movement, affect in turn the light field providing a backaction mechanism. One of the key phenomena in this area of research is the achievement of diverse optical cooling techniques. Laser cooling is applied widely to systems ranging from neutral atoms and ions to nanostructures, dielectric particles and biological specimens. The technique is used to investigate both fundamental aspects of quantum physics and applications such as high resolution spectroscopy, atomic clocks, and sensing. Research activities involving laser cooling span the range from technical instrumentation to fundamental theoretical advances. The main result of this thesis is the demonstration of an optical cooling scheme using exciton-polaritons and pulsed lasers. Semiconductor optical microcavities based on distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) are hybrid physical resonators that have been and continue to be the subject of intense research due to many fundamental phenomena and device applications, including the fascinating and rich physics of cavity polaritons. These microcavities confine in the same place of space near infrared light and GHz-THz acoustic phonons of the same wavelength, with perfect field overlap. These phonons are nanooptomechanical breathing modes that strongly modulate the optical cavity mode, thus strongly enhancing the photon-phonon coupling processes. In this thesis we study the optomechanical properties of such a resonator with embedded quantum wells and displaying strongly-coupled excitons and light. We start by investigating the interactions of slowed-down phononic and photonic fields and their prospects for optomechanical applications. Subsequently, we study a resonator with embedded quantum wells as artificial atoms. We identify that the main optical force in this devices driven by pulsed lasers are optoelectronic forces including real carrier excitation. Then, we perform Raman spectroscopy with a continuous wave laser and prove that by engineering the optoacoustic fields we can specifically and eficiently couple to ultra-high mechanical modes up to the 200-GHz range. This experiment is also useful to attain the relevant optomechanical parameters of our system, such as intrinsic phonon lifetimes and optomechanical coupling constants. Finally, we performed pump-probe experiments and demonstrate the existence of optical cooling in semiconductor hybrid resonators when approaching the excitons energy. The mechanism involves absorbing phonons from an initial polariton population to a blueshifted optically-excited state. In our scheme, we take advantage of the excitonic component of the polariton to eficiently extract coherent GHz-phonons from the resonator into the cold photonic field. By measuring the phonons amplitude as a function of time, we obtain an optically-induced reduction of fifty times in the phononic lifetimes as we approach the semiconductor bandgap.
| Tipo de objeto: | Tesis (Tesis Doctoral en Física) |
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| Palabras Clave: | Cavities; Cavidades; Polaritons; Polaritones; [Optomechanics; Optomecánica; Optical cooling; Enfriamiento óptico ] |
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| Materias: | Física > Optomecánica en cavidades |
| Divisiones: | Gcia. de área de Investigación y aplicaciones no nucleares > Gcia. de Física > Materia condensada > Laboratorio de fotónica y optoelectrónica |
| Código ID: | 814 |
| Depositado Por: | Tamara Cárcamo |
| Depositado En: | 01 Mar 2021 12:21 |
| Última Modificación: | 01 Mar 2021 12:21 |
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