Divi, Francisco J. (2023) Dinámica de circuitos cuánticos bajo forzamiento fuerte: tratamiento de campo medio y fenómenos de inversión de poblaciones / Circuit QED under strong driving: mean-field treatment and population inversion phenomena. Trabajo Especial Física, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto Balseiro.
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Resumen en español
Los avances experimentales en circuitos cuánticos superconductores han facilitado el acceso a regímenes de forzamiento cada vez más intensos, permitiendo poblar resonadores con hasta centenares de fotones. En estos regímenes, se manifiestan fenómenos inesperados como la inversión de poblaciones donde, en el estado estacionario, existe una mayor probabilidad de encontrar al qubit en su estado excitado que en su estado fundamental. La descripción y el tratamiento de estos sistemas ha de realizarse en el marco de sistemas forzados abiertos, trascendiendo las aproximaciones convencionales de onda rotante y secular. En esta tesis, proponemos y aplicamos técnicas para abordar problemas sujetos a forzamiento fuerte, enfocándonos en un qubit acoplado a una cavidad forzada en resonancia. Presentamos un esquema para realizar aproximaciones de campo medio en sistemas periódicos con disipación y demostramos su aplicabilidad en circuit QED, al emplearla en el problema mencionado. Dado que este tipo de aproximación no predice inversión de poblaciones, resolvimos el problema numéricamente. Para reducir el costo computacional asociado al gran número de fotones, realizamos un desplazamiento del resonador en una ecuación maestra de Born-Markov. Esta transformación permite separar la parte clásica del campo, reduciendo el problema a un qubit forzado acoplado a una cavidad con un número medio de fotones reducido. A partir de este problema efectivo, determinamos observables en el estado estacionario y encontramos inversión de poblaciones. Además, al modelar el sistema como un qubit acoplado a un baño estructurado, obtuvimos un excelente acuerdo. Esto nos permitió concluir que no son efectos de coherencia y entrelazamiento los que conducen a la inversión de poblaciones, sino que esta se produce gracias a la intensificación de transiciones entre los niveles del qubit causada por el resonador. Como trabajo futuro, se planea determinar el mecanismo especifico por el que ocurre este fenómeno.
Resumen en inglés
Advancements in superconducting quantum circuits have enabled access to increasingly intense driving regimes, allowing to populate resonators with up to hundreds of photons. Within these regimes, unexpected phenomena arise such as population inversion, where the likelihood of finding the qubit in its excited state exceeds that of the ground state in a steady-state scenario. Describing and addressing these systems must be done within the framework of open driven systems, surpassing conventional approaches like rotating wave and secular approximations. In this thesis, we propose and apply techniques to address issues in strong driving regimes, focusing on a qubit coupled to a resonantly driven cavity. We present a scheme for implementing mean-field approximations in dissipative periodic systems and we demonstrate its applicability in circuit QED by utilizing it to the aforementioned problem. Given that the mean-field approach does not predict population inversion, the issue is addressed numerically. To reduce the computational cost associated with the large number of photons, we perform an oscillator displacement in a Born-Markov master equation. This transformation allows us to separate the classical part of the field, reducing the problem to a forced qubit coupled to a cavity with a reduced average number of photons. From this effective problem, we determine observables in the steady state and find population inversion. Furthermore, by modeling the system as a qubit coupled to a structured bath, we obtained excellent agreement. This led us to conclude that coherence and entanglement effects are not the driving forces behind population inversion; rather, it occurs due to enhanced transitions between the qubit levels caused by the resonator. As future work, we plan to determine the specific mechanism by which this phenomenon occurs.
| Tipo de objeto: | Tesis (Trabajo Especial Física) |
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| Palabras Clave: | Population inversion; Inversión de población; [Circuit QED; Dinámica de circuitos cuánticos; Mean field; Campo medio; Open quantum systems; Sistemas cuánticos abiertos; Floquet; Born-Markov] |
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| Materias: | Física > Circuitos cuánticos |
| Divisiones: | Gcia. de área de Investigación y aplicaciones no nucleares > Gcia. de Física > Materia condensada > Teoría de sólidos |
| Código ID: | 1228 |
| Depositado Por: | Marisa G. Velazco Aldao |
| Depositado En: | 18 Mar 2024 11:19 |
| Última Modificación: | 18 Mar 2024 11:19 |
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